Die Odyssee () von Homer

Die Odyssee Homer - Die Odyssee zählt zum überzeitlichen Schatz der Weltliteratur. Bis heute begeistern uns die Abenteuer des ebenso tapferen wie listenreichen Odysseus, der sich allen Widrigkeiten zum Trotz die Rückkehr in die Heimat erkämpft. Doch worin liegt der Zauber dieses uralten Werkes, der auch nach 2800 Jahren noch anhält, und worin die Meisterschaft des Dichters, die wir bis heute bewundern? Es ist die vollendete Erzählkunst Homers, der es in unvergleichlicher Weise versteht, die Lust des Lesers stets wachzuhalten. Er weckt in uns das brennende Verlangen, die Auflösung der vielfältigen dramatischen Ereignisse zu erfahren, in die sein Held verstrickt wird. Und so folgen wir Odysseus atemlos durch zahllose Prüfungen, teilen seine Verzweiflung und fürchten um ihn angesichts der Winkelzüge seiner menschlichen und mitunter übermenschlichen Feinde. Seine Geschichte spielt zwar in einer fremden Welt - und doch ist sie nicht so fremd, dass wir uns darin nicht in unseren Hoffnungen und Ängsten wiederfinden würden. Jonas Grethlein, bekannt durch zahlreiche Veröffentlichungen zur Erzählkunst in der Antike, ist ein kundiger Führer durch die Welt des Odysseus und hat ein ebenso spannendes wie kluges Buch über sie geschrieben.

Homer is a legendary ancient Greek epic poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. The ancient Greeks generally believed that Homer was a historical individual, but modern scholars are skeptical: no reliable biographical information has been handed down from classical antiquity, and the poems themselves manifestly represent the culmination of many centuries of oral story-telling and a well-developed "formulaic" system of poetic composition. According to Martin West, "Homer" is "not the name of a historical poet, but a fictitious or constructed name." The poems are now widely regarded as the culmination of a long tradition of orally composed poetry, but the way in which they reached their final written form, and the role that an individual poet, or poets, played in this process is disputed. By the reckoning of scholars like Geoffrey Kirk, both poems were created by an individual genius who drew much of his material from various traditional stories. Others, like Martin West, hold that the epics were composed by a number of poets. Gregory Nagy maintains that the epics are not the creation of any individual; rather, they slowly evolved towards their final form over a period of centuries and, in this view, are the collective work of generations of poets. The date of Homer's existence was controversial in antiquity and is no less so today. Herodotus said that Homer lived 400 years before his own time, which would place him at about 850 BC; but other ancient sources gave dates much closer to the supposed time of the Trojan War. For modern scholarship, "the date of Homer" refers to the date of the poems' conception as much as to the lifetime of an individual. The scholarly consensus is that "the Iliad and the Odyssey date from the extreme end of the 9th century BC or from the 8th, the Iliad being anterior to the Odyssey, perhaps by some decades.",i.e. somewhat earlier than Hesiod, and that the Iliad is the oldest work of western literature. Over the past few decades, some scholars have been arguing for a 7th-century date. Those who believe that the Homeric poems developed gradually over a long period of time, however, generally give a later date for the poems: according to Nagy, they only became fixed texts in the 6th century. Alfred Heubeck states that the formative influence of the works of Homer in shaping and influencing the whole development of Greek culture was recognised by many Greeks themselves, who considered him to be their instructor.