Model-Based System Architecture (E-Book) von Tim Weilkiens

Foreword xi

Preface xv

About the Companion Website xix

1 Introduction 1

2 An Example: The Virtual Museum Tour System 5

3 Better Products The Value of Systems Architecting 9

3.1 The Share of Systems Architecting in Making Better Products 9

3.2 The Benefits that can be Achieved 10

3.3 The Benefits that can be Communicated inside the Organization 14

3.4 The Beneficial Elements of Systems Architecting 15

3.5 Benefits of Model-Based Systems Architecting 16

4 Definition of System Architecture 19

4.1 What is Architecture? Discussion of Some Existing Definitions 20

4.2 Modeling the Definitions of System and System Architecture 22

5 Model-Based System Architecture 27

6 Architecture Description 35

6.1 Why Spending Effort to Describe the Architecture? 35

6.2 The Architecture Description 37

6.3 How to Get an Architecture Description? 44

7 Architecture Patterns and Principles 49

7.1 The SYSMOD Zigzag Pattern 50

7.2 The Base Architecture 57

7.3 Cohesion and Coupling 61

7.4 Separation of Definition, Usage and Run-Time 63

7.5 Separate Stable from Unstable Parts 65

7.6 The Ideal System 65

7.7 View and Model 66

7.8 Diagram Layout 68

7.9 System Model Structure 69

7.10 Heuristics 71

8 Requirements and Use Case Analysis 75

8.1 Identify and Define Requirements 76

8.2 Specify the System Context 80

8.3 Identify Use Cases 82

8.4 Describe Use Case Flows 84

8.5 Model the Domain Knowledge 86

9 Perspectives, Viewpoints and Views in System Architecture 89

9.1 Overview 89

9.2 The Functional Perspective 91

9.3 The Physical Perspective 96

9.4 The Behavioral Perspective 100

9.5 The Layered Perspective 100

9.6 System Deployment Perspective 112

9.7 Other Perspectives 115

9.8 Relation to the System Context 117

9.9 Mapping Different Perspectives and Levels 120

9.10 Traceability 125

9.11 Perspectives and Views in Model-Based Systems Architecting 125

10 Typical Architecture Stakeholders 131

10.1 Overview 131

10.2 Requirements Engineering 133

10.3 Verification 135

10.4 Configuration Management 137

10.5 Engineering Disciplines 138

10.6 Project and Product Management 141

10.7 Development Roadmap Planners 145

10.8 Production and Distribution 148

10.9 Suppliers 149

10.10 Marketing and Brand Management 150

10.11 Management 152

11 Roles 157

11.1 Roles 157

11.2 The System Architect Role 158

11.3 System Architecture Teams 162

11.4 System Architecture Stakeholders 164

11.5 Recruiting System Architecture People 165

11.6 Talent Development for System Architects 167

12 Processes 173

12.1 The Systems Architecting Processes 173

12.2 Change and Configuration Management Processes 182

12.3 Other Processes Involving the System Architect 182

13 Agile Approaches 183

13.1 The History of Iterative-Incremental and Agile Development 184

13.2 System Architects in an Agile Environment 186

14 The FAS Method 189

14.1 Motivation 190

14.2 Functional Architectures for Systems 192

14.3 The FAS Method 195

14.4 FAS Heuristics 199

14.5 FAS with SysML 202

14.6 Modeling Tool Support 210

14.7 Mapping of a Functional Architecture to a Physical Architecture 215

14.8 Experiences with the FAS Method 218

14.9 FASWorkshops 219

14.10 Nonfunctional Requirements and the Functional Architecture 222

14.11 Completeness of the Functional Architecture 224

14.12 Functional Architectures and the Zigzag Pattern 227

15 Product Lines& Variants 231

15.1 Definitions Variant Modeling 232

15.2 Variant Modeling with SysML 233

15.3 Other Variant Modeling Techniques 239

16 Architecture Frameworks 243

16.1 Enterprise Architectures 244

16.2 System of Systems (SoS) 246

16.3 An Overview of Architecture Frameworks 249

16.4 The UPDM Standard 261

16.5 What to do when we Come in Touch with Architecture Frameworks 262

16.6 Conclusion 263

17 Cross-Cutting Concerns 265

17.1 The Game-Winning Nonfunctional Aspects 265

17.2 Human System Interaction and Human Factors Engineering 266

17.3 Risk Management 267

17.4 Trade Studies 268

17.5 Budgets 269

18 Architecture Assessment 271

19 Making it Work in the Organization 277

19.1 Overview 277

19.2 Organizational Structure for Systems Architecting 278

19.3 Recipes from the Authors Experience 283

20 Soft Skills 291

20.1 Its all about Communication 292

20.2 Personality Types 303

20.3 Intercultural Collaboration Skills 307

21 Outlook: The World after Product Line Engineering 311

A OMG SysML 315

A.1 Diagram and Model 316

A.2 Structure Diagrams 318

A.3 Behavior Diagrams 329

A.4 Requirements Diagram 337

A.5 Extension of SysML with Profiles 340

A.6 Architecture of the Language 341

B The V-Model 343

B.1 A Brief History of the V-Model or the Systems Engineering VEE 343

B.2 A Handy Illustration but No Comprehensive Process Description 345

B.3 Critical Considerations 348

B.4 Reading Instruction for a Modern Systems Engineering VEE 351

Bibliography 353

Index 363

Presents modeling approaches that can be performed in SysML and other modeling languages

This book combines the emerging discipline of systems architecting with model-based approaches using SysML. The early chapters of the book provide the fundamentals of systems architecting; discussing what systems architecting entails and how it benefits systems engineering. Model-based systems engineering is then defined, and its capabilities to develop complex systems on time and in a feasible quality are discussed. The remainder of the book covers important topics such as: architecture descriptions; architecture patterns; perspectives, viewpoints, views and their relation to system architecture; the roles of a system architect, their team, and stakeholders; systems architecting processes; agile approaches to systems architecting; variant modeling techniques; architecture frameworks; and architecture assessment. The book's organization allows experts to read the chapters out of sequence. Novices can read the chapters sequentially to gain a systematic introduction to system architecting.

Model-Based System Architecture:

• Provides comprehensive coverage of the Functional Architecture for Systems (FAS) method created by the authors and based on common MBSE practices
• Covers architecture frameworks, including the System of Systems, Zachman Frameworks, TOGAF®, and more
• Includes a consistent example system, the Virtual Museum Tour system, that allows the authors to demonstrate the systems architecting concepts covered in the book

Model-Based System Architecture is a comprehensive reference for system architects and systems engineers in technology companies. This book will also serve as a reference to students and researchers interested in functional architectures.

Tim Weilkiens is the CEO at the German consultancy oose Innovative Informatik and co-author of the SysML specification. He has introduced model-based systems engineering to a variety of industry sectors.  He is author of several books about modeling and the MBSE methodology SYSMOD.

Jesko G. Lamm is a Senior Systems Engineer at Bernafon, a Swiss manufacturer for hearing instruments. With Tim Weilkiens, Jesko G. Lamm founded the Functional Architectures working group of the German chapter of INCOSE.

Stephan Roth is a coach, consultant, and trainer for systems and software engineering at the German consultancy oose Innovative Informatik. He is a state-certified technical assistant for computer science from Physikalisch-Technische Lehranstalt (PTL) Wedel and a certified systems engineer (GfSE)®- Level C.

Markus Walker works at Schindler Elevator in the research and development division as elevator system architect. He is an INCOSE Certified Systems Engineering Professional (CSEP) and is engaged in the committee of the Swiss chapter of INCOSE.

Tim Weilkiens is the CEO at the German consultancy oose Innovative Informatik and co-author of the SysML specification. He has introduced model-based systems engineering to a variety of industry sectors.  He is author of several books about modeling and the MBSE methodology SYSMOD.

Jesko G. Lamm is a Senior Systems Engineer at Bernafon, a Swiss manufacturer for hearing instruments. With Tim Weilkiens, Jesko G. Lamm founded the Functional Architectures working group of the German chapter of INCOSE.

Stephan Roth is a coach, consultant, and trainer for systems and software engineering at the German consultancy oose Innovative Informatik. He is a state-certified technical assistant for computer science from Physikalisch-Technische Lehranstalt (PTL) Wedel and a certified systems engineer (GfSE)®- Level C.

Markus Walker works at Schindler Elevator in the research and development division as elevator system architect. He is an INCOSE Certified Systems Engineering Professional (CSEP) and is engaged in the committee of the Swiss chapter of INCOSE.