LTE Standards (E-Book) von Jean-Gabriel Remy

LIST OF FIGURES  xi

LIST OF TABLES  xix

INTRODUCTION xxi

CHAPTER 1. LTE STANDARDS AND ARCHITECTURE 1

1.1. 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 1

1.1.1. 3GPP history 1

1.1.2. 3GPP, the current organization 3

1.1.3. 3GPP releases 8

1.2. LTE numbering and addressing 10

1.2.1. The network IDs 11

1.2.2. The MME IDs 11

1.2.3. The tracking area IDs 11

1.2.4. The Cell IDs 12

1.2.5. The mobile equipment ID 12

1.3. LTE architecture overview 13

1.3.1. Overall high level description of LTE 14

1.3.2. LTE performance 22

1.3.3. LTE QoS architecture 23

1.3.4. FDD, TDD, LTE advanced 23

1.3.5. Frequencies for LTE 24

1.3.6. Basic parameters of LTE 25

1.4. Radio access subsystem: eUTRAN (also called eUTRA) 26

1.4.1. LTE visualization tool from Rohde and Schwartz 28

1.4.2. eUTRAN characteristics 28

1.4.3. eUTRAN interfaces 30

1.4.4. Signaling on the radio path 35

1.4.5. Physical layer 46

1.4.6. RLC and MAC layer 49

1.4.7. Dynamic radio resource management in LTE 51

1.4.8. MIMO 52

1.4.9. Macrocells, microcells and femtocells 53

1.5. Core network 54

1.5.1. LTE network elements 57

1.5.2. LTE interfaces [TS 23.401] 59

1.5.3. Functional split between the E-UTRAN and the EPC 69

1.5.4. S1 interface-based handover 70

1.6. LTE roaming architecture 83

1.6.1. LTE network mobility management 87

1.7. SIM for communications privacy 89

1.7.1. SIM 89

1.7.2. USIM 95

1.7.3. ISIM  96

1.8. Glossary  96

1.9. Appendix 1: Complete submission of 3GPP LTE release 10 and beyond (LTE-advanced) under step 3 of the IMT-advanced process 98

1.9.1. Summary of the candidate submission.98

1.9.2. Classification of the candidate submission 100

1.9.3. Detailed checklist for the required elements for each candidate RIT within the composite SRIT and/or for the composite SRIT of the candidate submission (to fulfill section 3.1 of ITU-R Report M.2133) 100

1.9.4. Additional supporting information 102

1.9.5. Contact person 102

1.10. Appendix 2: GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) 102

1.11. Appendix 3: The SGW implementation by CISCO 107

1.12. Appendix 4: AT&T has LTE small cells in the lab: Source Dan Janes, Site Editor, Light Reading mobile [JON 13] 110

CHAPTER 2. OFDMA 113

2.1. What is OFDM/OFDMA?.113

2.1.1. Claimed OFDMA advantages 115

2.1.2. Recognized disadvantages of OFDMA 116

2.1.3. Characteristics and principles of operation 117

2.2. General principles 118

2.2.1. Cyclic prefixes 122

2.3. LTE channel: bandwidths and characteristics 124

2.3.1. LTE OFDM cyclic prefix, CP 125

2.3.2. LTE OFDMA in the downlink 126

2.3.3. Downlink carriers and resource blocks 127

2.3.4. LTE SC-FDMA in the uplink 128

2.3.5. Transmitter and receiver structure of LP-OFDMA/SC-FDMA 130

2.4. OFDM applied to LTE 132

2.4.1. General facts 132

2.4.2. LTE downlink 133

2.4.3. Uplink 136

2.5. OFDMA in the LTE radio subsystem: OFDMA and SCFDMA in LTE 138

2.5.1. The downlink physical-layer processing of transport channels 138

2.5.2. Downlink multi-antenna transmission 139

2.5.3. Uplink basic transmission scheme 140

2.5.4. Physical-layer processing 141

2.6. Appendix 1: the constraints of mobile radio 143

2.6.1. Doppler effect 144

2.6.2. Rayleigh/Rice fading 145

2.6.3. Area of service 151

2.6.4. Shadow effect 153

2.7. Appendix 2: Example of OFDM/OFDMA technological implementation Innovative DSP 153

2.8. Appendix 3: LTE error correction on the radio path [WIK 14d] 154

2.8.1. Hybrid ARQ with soft combining 156

2.9. Appendix 4: The 700 MHz frequencies in the USA for LTE 157

2.9.1. Upper and lower 700 MHz 158

CHAPTER 3. THE FULL IP CORE NETWORK 159

3.1. Fixed mobile convergence 159

3.2. IP multimedia subsystem 160

3.2.1. General description of IMS 160

3.2.2. Session Initiation Protocol 162

3.2.3. IMS components and interfaces 163

3.3. Evolved packet system in 3GPP standards182

3.3.1. Policy and charging rules function 182

3.3.2. Release 8 system architecture evolution and evolved packet system 184

3.4. Telephony processing 192

3.4.1. Enhanced voice quality 192

3.4.2. Circuit-switched fallback (CSFB) 192

3.4.3. Simultaneous voice and LTE (SVLTE) 192

3.4.4. Over-The-Top (OTT) applications 193

3.5. The requirements of VoLTE and V.VoIP applications 195

3.6. Voice and video over LTE are achieved using voice on IP channels (VoLTE) 196

3.7. Cut down version of IMS 201

3.8. Latency management 202

3.9. Appendix 1: VoIP tests in UK 205

CHAPTER 4. LTE SECURITY. SIM/USIM SUBSYSTEM 207

4.1. LTE security 207

4.1.1. Principles of LTE security 209

4.1.2. LTE EPC security 210

4.1.3. Interfaces protection 214

4.1.4. Femtocells and relays 215

4.1.5. Specifications 215

4.2. SIM card  216

4.2.1. SIM-lock 218

4.2.2. Electronic component of the UICC 219

4.2.3. Form factor 219

4.2.4. SIM card physical interface 221

4.2.5. UICC communication protocol 221

4.2.6. Operating system (OS) and virtual machines 223

4.2.7. (U)SIM authentication 224

4.2.8. LTE USIM 225

4.2.9. ISIM  226

4.2.10. Over the Air Activation (OTA) 228

4.2.11. Security services 228

4.2.12. USIM directories 228

4.2.13. The UICC/SIM/USIM/ISIM industry 237

4.2.14. EAP-SIM and EAP 237

APPENDIX  239

BIBLIOGRAPHY 253

INDEX 257

Jean-Gabriel Remy is Professor at the Catholic University of Paris (ISEP) in France. He was Chief Scientist at SFR for more than 10 years. In that position, he participated in the creation of 3GPP, actively participating in it until 2010. He is currently an ingénieur général for the French Ministry of Finance in Paris.

Charlotte Letamendia works fora French company that operates in the fields of broadband (broadband and residential terminals), management of documents (printing terminals, software and solutions, digital production workflow), digital set-top boxes (satellite, cable, terrestrial and IP TV) and telecom and energy (M2M, telecommunications infrastructure, smartgrids and metering).