Race and Police Brutality () von Malcolm D. Holmes

Preface
Acknowledgments

1. THE NATURE OF POLICE BRUTALITY

What Is Police Brutality?
How Can Police Brutality Be Explained?
Outline of an Alternative Theory

2. SOCIAL THREAT AND POLICE VIOLENCE

Police Organization and Police Violence in American History
Group-Conflict Theory
Police-Minority Conflict
Police-Minority Conflicts and Police Violence

3. SOCIAL IDENTITY AND INGROUP BIAS

Cognitive Perspectives on Intergroup Relations
The Social Identity Model
Social Identity and Policing
Racial and Ethnic Identity
Social Identity and Police-Minority Relations

4. STEREOTYPING AND OUTGROUP BIAS

The Information Processing Model
Cultural Stereotypes of Race and Crime
Stereotyping and the Working Personality of the Police Officer
Minority Stereotypes of Police
Stereotypes and Police-Minority Relations

5. THE EMOTIONAL ROOTS OF INTERGROUP RELATIONS

The Nature of Human Emotions
The Emotions of the Police
The Emotions of Minority Citizens
Emotion and Cognition in Police-Minority Relations

6. TRANSLATING INTERGROUP BIASES INTO INTERGROUP AGGRESSION

The Dimensions of Intergroup Relations
The Emotional and Cognitive Foundation of Aggression
The Inseparability of Emotional and Cognitive Responses

7. A SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, AND COGNITIVE THEORY OF EXCESSIVE FORCE

Background Variables and Psychological Preconditions
Threatening Situations and Mental Responses
Mediators of Police Brutality
Is Police Brutality Inevitable?

8. CAN POPULAR POLICIES REDUCE POLICE BRUTALITY?

Changing Police Organizations to Change Police Behavior
Prospects for Organizational Reforms

9. ROOTS OF AN URBAN DILEMMA

Notes
References
Index